The Jewish Scholar Who Documented It

It would be easy to dismiss the two-powers material as Christians reading their theology backwards. The history of the scholarship makes that difficult.
The background: "The major work on Judaism's two-powers teaching was published originally in 1971 by the late Alan Segal. Segal was Jewish and his career focused on Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism."
Segal's book - Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism - documented that pre-Christian Judaism carried a second divine power tradition, and that it was mainstream before it was suppressed.
His evidence is elegant. The best proof that the belief was widespread is that the rabbis had to condemn it. You do not write formal heresy declarations against a view nobody holds.
He is not alone. Daniel Boyarin, also Jewish, wrote "The Gospel of the Memra: Jewish Binitarianism and the Prologue to John" in Harvard Theological Review.
Scripture links:
- Deuteronomy 6:4 - "The LORD our God, the LORD is one."
- Genesis 19:24 - "the LORD rained on Sodom... from the LORD out of heaven."
- Daniel 7:9-14 - "thrones were placed, and the Ancient of Days took his seat."
The heresy rulings are the receipt.